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Aims: To evaluate halal criteria of beef microbiological quality intended for export in two slaughterhouses. Study Design: A cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Khartoum State, Sudan between August and November 2022. Methodology: Samples were collected by using the non-destructive dry swab method for microbiological quality sampling of beef and a standardized checklist to evaluate good manufacturing practices (GMPs) and good hygienic practices (GHPs). Restraining methods were categorized as “modern method” where the full inversion rotary casting box was used which resembled slaughterhouse “A” or “conventional method” where a large-sized hammer for blowing the skull was used and this resembled slaughterhouse “B”. A total of 80 male beef cattle were investigated after arrival in the lairages of the designated slaughterhouses. Forty carcasses from each slaughtering method were randomly chosen and swabbed. Results: The results revealed that halal criteria for the slaughtering methods in slaughterhouse (A) was 100%, while slaughterhouse (B) was 83.2%. Also, this study revealed poor personal hygiene as slaughterhouse A scored 53.2%, while slaughterhouse B scored 33.2% for personal hygiene evaluation. The mean total bacterial count (TBC) was found to be 4.556 x 10? cfu/ml and 5.53275 X 10? cfu/ml in slaughterhouses A and B, respectively with highly significant differences compared to the standard permissible limits (1x 10?cfu/ml) with p ?0.05, while there were no statistically significant differences (0.847) within slaughterhouses with p ?0.05. Furthermore, the mean total coliform count (TCC) was found to be 16.4795 X10²cfu/ml and 47.8670 X 10²cfu/ml in slaughterhouses A and B, respectively with a highly significant difference compared to the standard permissible limits (1x10²cfu/ml) with p ?0.05 and also with highly significant differences (0.000) between slaughterhouses themselves with p ?0.05. Conclusion: The study concluded that both slaughterhouses failed to meet the requirements of the various beef halal criteria.
ABSTRACT
Aims@#Bacterial lysate has been reported to possess many health-care-related benefits. This study aimed to determine the optimum conditions for producing Weissella confusa MBF8-1 lysate in two plant-based modified De Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) media using the response surface methodology (RSM). In this study, we applied several condition factors and compared them to standard MRS media. @*Methodology and results@#Weissella confusa MBF8-1 was grown in two modified MRS media, which are MRS Vegitone and soy peptone modified-MRS. The optimized fermentation condition factors such as nitrogen sources (i.e., soy peptone, proteose peptone), dextrose concentrations, and fermentation time were measured, and the responses, such as bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance (BLIS) activity and lysate pH were observed. RSM results showed the diameter of BLIS activity-inhibition zone and pH decreases of the lysate produced in MRS Vegitone containing 1.50% dextrose, 0.75% proteose peptone for 11.75 h fermentation and in soy peptone modified-MRS containing 2.05% dextrose, 1.05% soy peptone for 7.53 h fermentation, i.e., 7.41 mm at 7.36, and 7.80 mm at 7.30, respectively. Whereas, lysate produced in standard MRS medium containing 2% dextrose, 1% peptone for 8 h fermentation showed 7.85 mm diameter of BLIS activity-inhibition zone at pH 7.26. W. confusa MBF8-1 lysate showed slightly lower pH, but higher BLIS activity when grown in standard MRS media compared to those of the two modified MRS media. @*Conclusion, significance and impact of study@#The data obtained provide the optimum condition of W. confusa MBF8-1 lysate production in plant-based media. The pH and BLIS activity possessed by W. confusa MBF8-1 lysate produced in soy peptone modified-MRS showed a more similar result as the standard one than the other modified one. Thus, the soy peptone modified-MRS is recommended as a plant-based alternative medium replacing standard MRS.
Subject(s)
WeissellaABSTRACT
A highly sensitive ethanol biosensor based on Acetobacter aceti biofilm, which contains pyrroloquinolinequinone-alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme for halal detection in food and beverages, has been developed. In thisstudy, A. aceti cells were purified by determining the conditions of growth time, incubation temperature, andpH to suppress the yeast growth. Selection of optimum conditions for biofilm formation was also carried out toobtain a stable sensor operation. The optimum biofilm formation was 14 days. The performance of biosensor wasinvestigated by the cyclic voltammetry technique. Linear range, sensitivity, limit of detection (LOD), and limitof quantification (LOQ) were found to be 5 × 10−5–3 × 10−4 %, 43,076 µA %−1, 2.32 × 10−5, and 7.03 × 10−5 %,respectively. The repeatability of biosensor was tested in 1 × 10−5 − 1% ethanol concentration and the relativestandard deviation was 1.08% (for n = 7). The stability studies have shown that the cyclic voltammetry responseof biosensor to ethanol leave the act of 98.99% at the 7 week. Thus, the developed biosensor is promising to beused for simple analysis of halal products and has been tested on real sample.
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This article aimed to investigate problems relating to medical tourism based on a review of medical tourism reports and statistics in the global healthcare industry. To be a leading nation in the global healthcare industry, the needs and culture of many peoples, including Muslims, should be considered. Qualified medical services by JCI certification, including nutrition services, will provide opportunities to participate in the international and Asia medical tourism markets. In this article, the definitions of medical tourism, medical service, Halal and Haram, nutrition service for inbound Muslim patients, and Halal food supply in Korea were examined for medical service improvement. Mutual assistance between the government and private enterprise, sharing of medical service information, and construction of a cooperative network system are needed and should be supported by the government.
Subject(s)
Humans , Asia , Certification , Delivery of Health Care , Food Supply , Health Care Sector , Islam , Korea , Medical Tourism , Private SectorABSTRACT
There is an increasing awareness amongst Muslim consumers to avoid all items containing non-Halal ingredients including medications. General practitioners and hospital doctors, in their practice encounter with the patients of different severity of illness, and accordingly their exposure to different categories of medicines will also be different. It therefore, needed for a study to compare knowledge, attitude and perception (KAP) of general practitioners and hospital doctors regarding Halal pharmaceuticals. This was a cross-sectional study using a structured, self-administered questionnaire to compare the knowledge, attitude and perception regarding Halal pharmaceuticals, among general practitioners and doctors working in various government hospitals in Malaysia. Results revealed that significant difference in the perception of general practitioners and hospital doctors was found. Significant difference was also found in some of statements of knowledge and attitude. This is concluded that general practitioners and hospital doctors differ in knowledge, attitude and perception regarding Halal pharmaceuticals. P≥ 0.05 was taken as statistically significant.
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This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude and perception (KAP) relating to Halal pharmaceuticals among pharmacists working in various hospitals of Malaysia. This was a cross-sectional study, carried out in the period of January 2013 to March 2013, using a structured, self-administered questionnaire. Data was collected by distributing questionnaires through respective chief pharmacists in various government hospitals in Malaysia. Study was conducted on a total of 135 pharmacists. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, frequency, percentage, median, inter quartile range) was applied to summarize the data. Chi-square Test and Fisher’s Exact Test was applied to assess the association between demographic characteristics and knowledge, attitude and perception scores. Results revealed that the hospital pharmacist had a good knowledge and positive attitude and perception about Halal pharmaceuticals. Mean knowledge, attitude and perception score was 8.01 ±1.48, 33.21± 5.66 and 51.19 ±6.49 out of maximum possible 9, 45 and 60 respectively. Mean overall KAP score out of maximum possible 114 was 92.40 ± 11.20. There was a significant, positive, and weak correlation (0.1-0.3) between knowledge and perception (r=.271, p=.001), knowledge and attitude (r=.252, p=.003) & moderate correlation (0.3-0.7) between attitude and perception (r=.542, p<.001). P value of 0.05 or less was taken as statistically significant. It is concluded from the results that better knowledge the respondents have on Halal pharmaceuticals, better their perception and attitude is towards Halal pharmaceuticals.
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Muslim consumers have special needs in medical treatment that differ from non-Muslim consumers. In particular, there is a growing demand among Muslim consumers for Halal medications. This descriptive exploratory study aims to determine the Halal status of selected cardiovascular, endocrine, and respiratory medications stored in an out-patient pharmacy in a Malaysian governmental hospital. Sources of active ingredients and excipients for each product were assessed for Halal status based on available information obtained from product leaflets, the Medical Information Management System (MIMS) website, or manufacturers. Halal status was based on the products’ sources and categorized into Halal, Mushbooh, or Haram. The proportions of Halal, Mushbooh, and Haram products were at 19.1%, 57.1%, and 23.8%, respectively. The percentage of active ingredients for cardiovascular/endocrine products that were assessed as Haram was 5.3%; for respiratory medications, it was only 1.1%. For excipients, 1.7% and 4.8% fall under the category of Haram for cardiovascular/endocrine products and respiratory products, respectively. Ethanol and magnesium stearate were found to be the common substances that were categorized as Haram and Mushbooh.